Ellen e



(No Model.)

. t. E. FITZ.

GLOBE.

Patented Sept. 54, l1882.

lllillllll lll Illllll lllllllr llllil Wz'tzn ess es N. Pneus.Phummhngmpna UNITED STATES .PATENT @lOl-raton.

GLOBE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 263,886, dated September5, 1882.

Application tiled November 5, 1881. (,No model.)

, To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELLEN E. FITz, a citizen of the United States,residing at Somerville, in the county of Middlesex and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inGlobes; and I do here.

by declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art -to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference heilig had to theaccompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this speciiication.

My present improvements are based upon a class ot' globes shown anddescribed in Letters Patent ofthe United States issued to myself on the12th day ot' January, 1875, and reissued on the 8th day of February,1881. The primary purpose ot' my globe as above patented is toillustrate and explain the manner in which the earth, in accordance'with its diurnal and animal motions, presents its surface to the snnsrays, especially to ascertain the various durations oi' day, night, andtwilight throughout the year at any given terrestial locality, and alsoto ascertain the points of rising, sett-ing, and culmination of the sunand the course it pursues in its relation to ditferentlatitudes. In mypresent globe II pro-` pose, in additionto the above, to illustrate theaspects of tl e constellations at varying times of the year, togetherwith the shitting position of the stars above any given horizon, thusascertaining their amplitude, azimuth, Src. In this globe l retain frommy patented globe the sun-point, the movable horizon-ring, the smallerarched standard or twilight-circle independ- 'ent of the horizon,together with the larger and band givecelestial indications, both beingcapable of use at the sametime; secondly, of a globe provided with anarched standard, in combination with an outer horizon-ring, whichoscillates on studs attached to the supports of said standard; thirdly,of a globe or ball divided on its surface into contrasting belts, incombination with an inner horizonring and an outer horizon-ring, allsubstantially as hereinafter set forth.

The drawings accompanying this specification represent in Figure l aperspective view of a globe embodying my present improvements, whileFig. 2 is a vertical cross-section through the day-circle, and Fig. 3 isa plan of 55 the quadran tplate.

Reference being had to the above-named drawings, it will beseenl that Arepresents a at tablet of proper material-usually woodupon the top ofwhich I erect centrally an up- 7o right post, C, which constitutes anaxis of revolution for a horizontal disk, D, which is disposed upon suchtablet A,'and is capable of turning freely about such post. Upon the topot' the rotary disk D, and to one side of `75 its center, I erect asecond post or rod, E, which slopes inward toward and beyond the centerot' said disk at an angle of twenty-three and one-half degrees with suchtop, .such post constituting the support and axis of revolution of thehall G, and being formed preferably with a shoulder, b, upon which theball rests'and by which it is raised somewhat above the disk.

H Iin the accompanying drawings represent two parallel arched standards,which span the ball Gr, the feet ot' which are erected upon oppositesides of such ball and upon thetop ot' the tablet A. These standards H Iserve to separate the two hemispheres which denote day and Anight uponthe earths surface, the former, H, representing the circle ofillumination or day-circle and the latter the circle whichdivides thesection of the earths sur- Vface Within total night from that intwilight, the former phrase, total night, being shown to the right ofthestandard I, and that in twilight between the two standards. As thestandards H I cannot, owing to the passage of the post E, completelyencircle the globe, the roo day and twilight circles are necessarilyincomplete or broken around thesouth pole; but this defect isunimportant. By means of these standards I-I I and the sun-point or wireJ, (to be explained,) in combination with the ball, I can illustrate theseasons, dene twilight in its various phases, compute the length ot' dayand night, mark clock-time, &c.

Upon the upper surface of the disk D, and immediately about itsperiphery, I inscribe a scale, which divides the said disk into twelveequal intervals, representing the months of the year, these again beingsubdivided into minor intervals, representing' days.

In order to represent the passage of the sun through the signs of theccliptic and its vertical passage to and fro across the torrid zoneduring the year, I employ a vertical Wire, J, erected upon the tablet Ain close proximity to the disk D, which operates in connection with thescale of divisions upon such disk, while the top or point ot' the saidwire serves to denote the parallel illuminated verticallyby the sun, andis also midway of that hemisphere of the ball Gr which denotes theilluminated half of the earths surface, the half which isin night beingshown upon vthe opposite heinisphere ofthe ball.

The movable horizon or ring defining any required horizon, (see patentedglobe,) as shown in the present drawings, is composed of a ring, K, ofthin metal, which closely tits the greatest diameter ofthe ball Gr,butis not, like the ring in my said patent, provided with a scale ofdivisions upon its outer surface. Spanning the ring K, (also asin my'said patA ent,`) and at right angles to its plane, I employ asemicircular band, L, also ot' thin metal, this Aband being intended torepresent a semi-meridian at any point upon the ball with which acentral perforation or peep-hole, g, in such band may be brought intocoincidence.

When the globe is to be revolved into a given time of year itis 'to bemoved bodily by and with the disk D, which latter is rotated upon itsaxis C. When the globe is to be re volved for the purpose of describingthe daily course of the sun it is to be rotated upon its axis E, thedisk D remaining stationary. It requires one diurnal revolution ot` theearth to complete avertical illumination, to which allusion haspreviously been made in this speciiication, and whenever a circle uponthe earths surface, is said to be thus illuminated itshould be borne inmind that but one position within this circle is illuminated verticallyat any one instant.

rlhe ball G is, as before stated, destitute of the usual map,the wantot' this being supplied by an independent atlas-map, of either theheavens or the earth, which is to accompany each apparatus; but the saidball is divided into five parallel belts, which present a markedcontrast to each other, and which, as before premised,represent theimaginary zones of the earths surface, and by means of which thealternate passages of the sun across the torrid zone-north for sixmonths and south for six monthsas well as the alternate passages of thefrigid zones into day and night, each during a like period of time, canreadily be seen at some distance from the globe. The ball G is furtherprovided with the ordinary lines ot' latitude and longitude, the equatoror equinoctial, and the ecliptic, all ot'which are plainly visible atsome distance.

In addition to the primary movable horizonring'K, before explained, andshown in my pat-I ented globe, I employ a second of like construction,of which the circular band or ring is shown at N and its semicircularaddition or meridian at O, both being, like the primary ring, withoutinscription or figures. The ring N has notches in its lower edges, uponopposite sides, to tit upon horizontal studs projecting from the upperpartof each post B B,such notches and studs permitting the auxiliaryhorizon-ring Ato be turned in a circular path (of which the studs arethe centers) aboutthe ball G and outside of the primary ring and thearched standards, the band N having at its center a peep-hole, I).

In working the. globe terrestrially the outer or auxiliaryhorizon-ringis preferably removed, as giving better access to the innerone. In working the globe celestially the pointer-wire J is alsopreferably removed, though it may be allowed toremain,providedasutficientspace exists between it and the ball for passage of saidauxiliary ring.

Q in the drawings represents a flat, thin, rigid sheet of metal or otherdurable material, having upon one side a circular depressioint, of aquadrant or larger arc of a circle of the radius of the outer orauxiliary horizonring. This graduated plate or quadrant when applied toeither of the horizon-rings or the larger arched standard (the smallerarched standard never requiring' graduation) practi cally graduatesthem, thereby dispensing with any divisions or scales upon them, andgreatly lessening the cost of the instrument., both as regards labor andmaterial, for the standards in this case can be made simply ot' roundwire.

In using this instrument to illustrate the aspects of the constellationsat various times, the shifting position of the stars above the horizon,their amplitude, azimuth, daer-in other words, as a celestial globe-thedivision ot' June 20 on the disk D must be brought into juxtapositionwith the sun-wire J, thereby bringing the meridian or semicircular bandot' the outer or auxiliary horizon-ring, N, coincident with a meridianof the ball G. Said ring is then adjusted by moving its semicircularband or meridian up and down-that is, north and souththe said ball untilthe peep-hole P in such meridian coincides with the latitude of thedesired place, Y

The inner4 or primary horizon-ring is adjusted to any required position,when using the globe terrestriall y, by placing its peep-hole IOO ICS

(shown inthe drawings at g) over the latitude ot' the given place, withits meridian L extending north and south, or in the direction ot' ameridian of the ball. y

When the inner horizon-ring is used to locate any given star, which isdone by placing its peep-hole over the position of the star as foundvupon a map of the heavens, it is unimportant what direction the meridianof such ring takes; but instead of using the ring for this purpose af'ew important stars may be located on the surface ofthe ball G by meansof figures or other characters, the key to which may be furnished in amanual accompanying the apparatus.

The operator being provided with a map of the heavens and the earth, thepositions ot stars, cities, Snc., are easily located on the bali G `bymeans of their latitude and longitude.

To illustrate the manner ofoperating with my present apparatus, I appenda few problems. l

First. To show the course of the sun at Boston on June 20, bring June 20on the revolving disk below the ball to the sun-wire. Find the latitudeof Boston on atlas-map and adjust the inner horizon to this latitude onthe ball. Bring the eastern edge of inner horizon to the top ofsun-wire, or point representing the sun, for sunrise. Revolve the globeeastward till the western edge of horizon is brought to sunpoint forsunset. Noon was shown when the point was opposite the meridian of thering.

Second. To illustrate the change of the seasons, bringMarch 20 onrevolving disk to sunwire for beginning of spring. Observe top of saidwire opposite the equator of ball,midway of torrid zone, the position ofthe sun at the vernal equinox. Revolvc disk three months forward in theyear, and observe sun-point crossingthe northern half ot' the torridzone andresting at the Tropic of Cancer on June 20, the beginning ofsummer and time of the summersolstice. Revolve disk forward three monthsfor each vsucceeding season, and `observe the corresponding passages ofsun-point.

Third. To iind the right ascension and declination of a star. Findposition of star (n atlas-map ot' the heavens and place peep-hole ofinner horizon over this position' on the ball. Revolve ballon axis tobring peep-hole to meridian of outer horizon. To this meridian apply thequadrant with the division marked O over the eqninoctial of ball, andthe degree of quadrant over the inner peep-hole will be l the requireddeclination. The number of degrees on equinoctial between the quadrantor outer meridian and rst point of Aries will be the required rightascension.

Fourth. To nd the amplitude of any star, its oblique ascension anddescension, and its diurnal are for any given day: Adjust the peepholeof inner horizon over the position of star as found on atlas-map. Adjustouter horizon to latitude of place. Revolve globe on axis to bring innerpeep-hole to eastern edge of outer horizon, and its distance from theeast point of this horizon (measured by the quadrant) is the risingamplitude of the star, its oblique ascension the number of degreesbetween the east point of the horizon and the first point of Aries.Revolve globe on axis to carry inner peep-hole to the western edge ofouter horizon for the stars diurnal arc. The distance of peep-hole inthis position from the west point of said horizon is the settingamplitude of the star, and its oblique descension the number of degreesbetween the west point and the first point of Aries. 1

Fifth. The day being given, to nd at what hour a given star comes to themeridian adjust inner peep-hole to position ot' star, bring suus placein the ecliptic to outer meridian, turn globe westward till innerpeep-ho1e comes to outer meridian, and the hours passed in turning(intervals of longitude) will be the time from noon-when the starculminates or comes to the meridian.

The contrast ofthe zones is indicated in the drawings by beltsalternately blank and provided with shade-lines. Ot' course on the globeitself the same result may be attained by contrasted colors.

I claim- Y 1. A globe provided with an outer and an inner horizon ringand their semicircular bands, one ring and its band being adapted togive terrestrial indications, while the other ring and band givecelestial indications, both being capable ot' use at the same time.

2. The combination, with a globe, of arched standard H and outerhorizon-ring, N, which oscillates on studs attached to the supports ofsaid standard.

3. A globe or ball divided on its surface into contrasting belts, incombination with an inner horizon-ring and an outer horizon-ring,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ELLEN E. FITZ.

Witnesses:

CHARLES BROTHERS, F. CURTIS.

IIO

